Strengthening cyber defenses: Protecting Canada’s farms in the digital age

The real-world impact

In one case, a small hog farm in Ontario fell victim to a ransomware attack orchestrated by activists. The attackers infiltrated the farm’s computer systems, encrypting vital data and threatening to release fabricated evidence of animal abuse unless a ransom was paid. This incident not only jeopardized the farm’s operations but also posed a significant reputational risk. Cyber security experts warn that such tactics are likely to become more common, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and robust security measures within the agricultural community.  

Another significant event involved JBS, one of the world’s largest meat processing companies. In 2021, JBS experienced a ransomware attack that disrupted its operations across multiple countries, including Canada. The company ultimately paid $11 million to the attackers to regain access to its systems and prevent further disruption. This attack highlighted the susceptibility of even large agribusinesses to cyber threats and underscored the potential for widespread impact on the food supply chain.  

Incidents like this illustrate the evolving tactics of cyber criminals targeting the agricultural sector. From direct financial extortion to threats of reputational damage, the methods employed are becoming more sophisticated and damaging. As farming operations continue to integrate advanced technologies, it's imperative for producers to implement comprehensive cyber security strategies to safeguard their businesses against these emerging threats.

How do these attacks happen?

Cyber criminals use a variety of tactics to infiltrate farm systems, including:

• Phishing Attacks: Deceptive communications trick producers into revealing passwords or installing malware. These attacks are most successful during busy seasons, when vigilance is low.
• Ransomware: Hackers encrypt critical farm data and demand payment for its release. Without proper backups, a single attack can wipe out years of financial records and operational data.
• Exploiting known vulnerabilities: 14 percent of cyberattacks gain access through outdated or unpatched software, allowing criminals to bypass security measures.
• QR code scams (Quishing): Fraudulent QR codes redirect users to malicious sites designed to steal login credentials.
• AI-driven fraud: Cyber criminals use artificial intelligence to create highly convincing scams, such as another form of phishing known as vishing (voice phishing), that mimic trusted communications —exploiting human trust, as there often difficult to detect, even for tech-savvy individuals.  

Cyber criminals cast a wide net, targeting businesses that lack proper cyber defences. Small and mid-sized farms are particularly vulnerable, as they often assume they aren’t big enough to be a target — but the reality is quite the opposite. Here’s a look at how some of the most common methods have compared over the years, with most seeing a rise year after year, based on Statistics Canada:

Methods most commonly used for cyber security incidents, Canada, 2021 and 2023, % of businesses impacted by cyber security incidents

Cyber security planning: Bridging the preparedness gap

Cyber security preparedness remains low among Canadian producers. The study revealed that nearly 80 percent of farms lack a formal cyber security plan. Without a structured approach to identifying threats and responding to attacks, many farms remain vulnerable to disruptions that could have been prevented.

Here are four key steps you can take to improve your cyber security:

1.     Increased awareness and training

Cyber security is not just an IT issue — it’s a business necessity. Producers and their employees must understand how to recognize phishing attempts, secure sensitive information and report suspicious activity. Implementing basic cyber security training can significantly reduce the likelihood of falling victim to scams.

2.    Develop an incident response plan

An incident response plan outlines the steps to take when a cyberattack occurs, minimizing damage and ensuring a quick recovery. This includes:

• Identifying who is responsible for cyber security within the farm operation.
• Creating a communication plan to notify key stakeholders in the event of a breach.
• Establishing backup and recovery procedures to restore critical data quickly.

3.    Secure farm equipment and operational technology

Many cyberattacks exploit vulnerabilities in OT. By implementing basic security measures, you can better protect your farm. Start with:

• Regularly updating software to patch unknown vulnerabilities.
• Using multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all critical systems.
• Ensuring that devices — such as GPS systems, automated feeders, and irrigation controls — are not connected to public networks.

4.    Work with experienced cyber security partners

Cyber security isn’t just about installing software — it’s about a holistic strategy that includes people, processes and technology.  

• Engage with professionals to assess risks and strengthen defences.
• Leverage managed security services for proactive monitoring and protection if you have a small or non-existent in-house team.

Turning risk into opportunity

While the cyber security landscape may seem overwhelming, proactive planning can turn these challenges into opportunities. Producers who invest in cyber security today will be better positioned to protect their operations, maintain trust with suppliers, and leverage technology safely for long-term growth.

The Canadian government and industry organizations, such as Cybersecure Canada, provide free resources and training programs to help farms strengthen their cyber security defences. Collaborating with experienced partners, like MNP, can also provide tailored solutions that fit the unique needs of agricultural operations.

If you’re ready to improve your farm’s cyber security, start by assessing your risks and developing a plan. Connect with an advisor to explore customized security solutions for your operation.